Union Berlin welcomed Borussia Mönchengladbach on the 12th Bundesliga matchday. In a typical game between the top side and underdog, the underdog held the upper hand in the end thanks to their disciplined defending approach. Top team Gladbach, on the contrary, were incapable of creating more than a handful of opportunities which they could not convert.

The following tactical analysis explains Union Berlin’s tactics that stopped the high-flying side of Marco Rose. Moreover, our analysis deals with Gladbach’s build-up issues in their game against Union.

Lineups and Formations

Union Berlin started into the game with a 3-4-1-2 formation. Union coach Urs Fischer aimed at pressing Gladbach’s midfield man-to-man which was facilitated by their system with two attackers in Anthony Ujah and Sebastian Andersson to press the opposition centre-backs. Moreover, their midfield three simply adjusted their positioning when pressing depending on the opposition shape.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Lineups of Union Berlin and Gladbach [Credit: Wyscout]


Gladbach, on the other hand, deployed a 4-2-3-1 system with a double pivot comprising of Denis Zakaria and Christoph Kramer. The latter one was supposed to support the central defenders when playing out by dropping between them in the opening stages of the game. As typical for Gladbach under Rose, the full-backs Oscar Wendt and Stefan Lainer were supposed to move up the line and provide the attacking department with crosses.

Gladbach’s build-up issues against Union’s man-orientations

Union Berlin decided to use a man-oriented pressing approach against Gladbach. They set up a high block within the opposition half. However, with a PPDA (“Opponent passes per defensive action in opponent’s final 60% of the pitch.” – Wyscout) value of 14.1, they did not press actively but rather prevented the opposition midfielders from receiving the ball.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Union Berlin use a man-oriented way of pressing to disrupt Gladbach’s build-up.

In the beginning stages of the game, Rose’s sides attempted to build-up with a back-three. Defensive midfielder Kramer therefore dropped between the centre-back pairing. As a consequence, Union’s advanced midfielder Marcus Ingvartsen followed Kramer. That created a 3-4-3 similar to Gladbach’s shape as displayed below.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Union’s 3-4-3 against Gladbach’s 3-4-3 in build-up

Gladbach’s midfielders attempted to make use of rotational movements in order to get rid of their direct markers. However, Union’s midfielders often followed their direct opponents or took over the marking responsibilities when the rotational movement lacked dynamicy. As a result, goalkeeper Yann Sommer was often forced to play long.

As Union Berlin were successful in shutting down every single passing option by man-marking, Rose decided to build-up with a back-four. Due to the more narrow positioning of the central defenders, Gladbach’s full-backs took over deeper positions during the build-up. That would force Union Berlin’s wing-backs higher up the pitch when pressing.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Gladbach’s 4-2-3-1 could be countered by Union Berlin. Fischer’s side simply adjusted their midfield shape to man-mark Gladbach’s midfielders. The ball near wing-back would push higher to press the opposition full-back.

When depicting Gladbach’s issues against Union’s press, the importance of the half-space occupation became very clear. Often Gladbach missed to occupy the ball near half-space and, as a consequence, were forced to play around the opposition block.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
As the ball near half-space is unoccupied, Gladbach try to play around the opposition block. But with Union’s wing-back and ball near centre-back pressing Gladbach, Rose’s team fail to progress up the pitch.

Since Union had enough players to react towards these patterns with their back five, Gladbach’s attempts to play around the block were not very promising. When Gladbach occupied the ball near half-space though, either this player was left unmarked or a midfielder of Union needed to follow which opened up space in the centre.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
With two players occupying opponents within the ball near half-space, Gladbach open up a passing lane into the centre.

In such a situation, advanced midfielder Neuhaus received the ball (as shown in the image above) and diagonally switched play. Although this attack did not result in a shot on target, the pattern demonstrated a possible solution to penetrate Union Berlin’s defensive block.

Transition moments as the key moments

The way how Gladbach created their most promising chance was an offensive transition though. When Union Berlin were in the attack, Rose’s side could provoke a ball loss with the help of their midfielders shifting towards one side of the pitch.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
By outnumbering Union Berlin, Gladbach can win the ball and quickly transition from defence to attack.

Since Union did not intend to switch sides, Gladbach did not cover ball far spaces. That allowed them to further decrease the ball near space.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Only seconds later, Gladbach can get behind Union’s last line of defence and create a big scoring opportunity. Nevertheless, sriker Alassane Pléa fails to score.

During build-up, Union would mostly play long balls towards their striking duo. Whereas both attackers also drifted towards the flanks in transition moments, they stayed in central areas during positional attacks. That allowed the attacking duo to lay the ball off to each other and secure possession within the opposition half. Whenever this was successful, the ball near wing-back quickly moved up the line to provide a wide option. From the wing, they mainly put in crosses.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Union’s wing-back puts in a cross to four of is team mates who moved into the box. With a lack of cover in front of the back line, Gladbach’s shape to defend the cross seems slightly fragile.

Union Berlin did not circulate the ball much in general. Instead, their intention was to get behind Gladbach’s full-backs after winning the ball to put in crosses and threaten the opposition goal with the heading abilities of their striking duo. Therefore, it is not a big surprise that their leading goal resulted from a counter-attack.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Union Berlin quickly play the ball behind Gladbach’s right-back after regaining possession.

And due to the high positioning of Gladbach’s full-backs, Union Berlin can even outnumber Gladbach’s centre-back within the penalty area.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Ujah can score at the far post since Gladbach’s centre-back has to deal with two Union attackers.

Gladbach’s second-half adjustments

In the second half, Gladbach slightly adjusted their build-up structure again. Instead of building up with a back-four, they used a line of three again. Different to the first half though, it was not a midfielder dropping into the backline. Instead, left-back Oscar Wendt stayed next to the two central defenders.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Wendt (#17) is offered space and time on the ball as Union’s wing-back has to stay with Thuram (#10).

Since left winger Marcus Thuram provided width on this side, Union’s wing-back could not move up to press Wendt. That forced one of Union’s midfielders out of his position. This disabled Union to defend man-to-man as there were only two central midfielders left against Gladbach’s midfield three.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Gladbach create a numerical advantage in midfield with the help of their asymmetrical back three in build-up.

With this setup, Gladbach were less often forced to play long balls and could cleanly progress up the pitch instead like in the scenario below.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Gladbach make use of their numerical advantage in midfield and outplay Union’s press.

In addition to their changed attacking setup, Gladbach also changed their defensive approach. Rose’s side pressed way more aggressively than in the first half, which can be seen in the decrease of their PPDA from 15.4 in the first half to 7.0 in the second half.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Gladbach press Union Berlin high up the pitch to regain possession as early as possible.

As a result of their press, Gladbach’s possession rate increased from 59% to 68%.

Union’s solid defence

However, despite their improved build-up and press, Gladbach still struggled to create chances. With an xG value of only 0.13 in the second half (0.92 in total), Gladbach failed to threaten Union’s goal. That was down to several factors.

Firstly, despite getting into the final third, Gladbach focused on putting in crosses from wide areas which were rather unpromising. Either the attackers were not positioned well and therefore unlikely to receive the ball, or Gladbach’s full-backs put in crosses from very difficult positions which decreased the chance of a precise ball.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Gladbach put in a cross which is rather hopeless as there are six Union defenders and only one Gladbach attacker ready to receive.

Another reason for Gladbach’s attacking issues was that Union’s defensive setup remained solid in the second half. With at least the back three and the double pivot moving into the penalty area, they were well prepared to defend Gladbach’s crosses. This compact shape in and around the penalty area enabled Union to keep the clean sheet.

Moreover, Union forced Gladbach into wide areas where they prevented any Gladbach player from receiving the ball in an open body shape or getting towards the end line.

Bundesliga 2019/20: Union Berlin vs Gladbach - tactical analysis tactics
Union’s defender can prevent Gladbach’s attacker from receiving in an open body shape and then force him outside.

As one can see above, Union’s central defenders moved out to prevent Gladbach’s attackers from turning when receiving the ball with the back towards the goal. Facing away from the goal, they then failed to play into the penalty area and had to build up again or even lost the ball to an opposition defender.

Finally, Fischer’s side could score the second goal of the game clinch their win over Gladbach.

Conclusion

All in all, Union Berlin were capable of demonstrating their defensive strengths another time. With to their man-oriented pressing tactics, Fischer’s side prevented Gladbach from cleanly progressing up the pitch most parts of the game.

Gladbach, on the other hand, had to fight with their build-up issues in the first half while they faced attacking problems in the second one. Especially against defensive-minded sides, Gladbach will have to improve their attacking versatility.


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